Chapter 17

Levosimendan in Heart Failure

Charalambos Antoniades, Michael Demosthenous, Dimitris Tousoulis, Costantinos Bakogiannis, Nikolaos Koumallos and Christodoulos Ste

Abstract

<p>Heart failure is characterised by decreased cardiac output, which results in the development of both peripheral hypoperfusion and pulmonary congestion and can lead to the development of acute pulmonary edema. The primary objective in treating a patient with decompensated heart failure is hemodynamic stabilization, which is usually achieved by inotropic support. Classic inotropic agents provide short-term hemodynamic improvement, but their use has been correlated with poor prognosis. Levosimendan, a new calcium sensitizer, offers hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement without increasing cAMP and intracellular calcium concentrations. This agent improves contractility without increasing the risk of cardiac events such as arrhythmias. By combining a positive inotropic action mediated via calcium sensitization and a vasodilatory effect via ATP-dependent potassium channels, it appears to be superior than classic positive inotropic agents. Furthermore, it seems to have prolonged benefit in heart failure patients, and it also has anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. In conclusion, levosimendan seems to be a particularly promising agent for the treatment of decompensated heart failure, as in addition to improving cardiac output, it has a more favorable side-effect profile than classic inotropic agents, and it affects multiple pathways with key role in the pathophysiology of heart failure.</p>

Total Pages: 259-269 (11)

Purchase Chapter  Book Details

RELATED BOOKS

.Biotechnology and Drug Development for Targeting Human Diseases.
.Enzymatic Targets for Drug Discovery Against Alzheimer
.Applied Computer-Aided Drug  Design: Models and Methods.
.Medicinal Plants, Phytomedicines and Traditional Herbal Remedies for Drug Discovery and Development against COVID-19.