Chapter 6

N200 Latency and CSF Cytochrome C Levels as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Progression to Alzheimer’s Disease in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

Vasileios T. Papaliagkas, Georgios A. Anogianakis, Magda N. Tsolaki and Vasileios K. Kimiskidis

Abstract

The role of CSF cytochrome c levels and auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) in the progress of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is investigated. A study sample that consisted of fifty one MCI patients and fourteen healthy individuals that underwent lumbar puncture at baseline was used and their CSF cytochrome c levels were determined. CSF cytochrome c levels were reexamined in 20 patients after a time period of 11 months. During this period five patients progressed to AD. All patients underwent AERP examinations both at baseline and follow-up. MCI patients were found to have significantly higher cytochrome c levels compared to healthy controls (Mann-Whitney test, Z=-2.110, p=0.018). ADconverters, had a higher increase over time in cytochrome c levels (Mann-Whitney test, p=0.002; effect size r=0.63) and significantly prolonged N200 latency (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.001; effect size r=0.50) compared to MCI stable patients. Amongst the ERP wave characteristics that were studied, only N200 amplitude was significantly correlated with CSF cytochrome c levels (rs=0.310, p=0.03). Both parameters could discriminate AD converters from MCI stable patients, with sensitivity and specificity >75%. When both N200 latency and cytochrome c increase were applied, the prediction of the MCI patients who converted to AD was 100%. </p><p> Our results suggest that MCI to AD conversion is associated with a marked elevated N200 latency at baseline and a high increase in cytochrome c levels during a relatively short period of time, and that both parameters could be possibly considered as candidate markers for the discrimination between AD converters and MCI stable patients.

Total Pages: 171-186 (16)

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